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This treatment option is an alternative to remove testicular cancer masses which are <20 mm, have a high probability of being benign, and with negative serum tumor markers. Its benefits include preserving fertility and normal hormone function. [7] About half of testicular cancer germ cell tumors are seminomas. Individuals with seminomas are 80 ...
Testicular cancer is highly treatable and usually curable. [5] Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or stem cell transplantation. [2] Even in cases in which cancer has spread widely, chemotherapy offers a cure rate greater than 80%. [4] Globally testicular cancer affected about 686,000 people in 2015. [6]
Testicular cancer metastasizes in a predictable pattern, and lymph nodes in the retroperitoneum are typically the first place it lands. [1] [2] By examining the removed lymphatic tissue, a pathologist can determine whether the disease has spread. If no malignant tissue is found, the cancer can be labeled Stage I, limited to the testicle. [3]
Cisplatin is particularly effective against testicular cancer; the cure rate was improved from 10% to 85%. [10] Similarly, the addition of cisplatin to adjuvant chemotherapy led to a marked increase in disease-free survival rates for patients with medulloblastoma - again, up to around 85%.
Second-line treatment is the same as for nonseminomas. [12] Stage 3 seminoma is characterized by the presence of metastasis outside the retroperitoneum—the lungs in "good risk" cases or elsewhere in "intermediate risk" cases. This is treated with combination chemotherapy. Second-line treatment follows nonseminoma protocols. [12]
Vinblastine—used to treat leukaemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer and testicular cancer. It is also a component in a large number of chemotherapy regimens. Vinblastine and vincristine were isolated from the Madagascar periwinkle Catharanthus roseus, traditionally used to treat diabetes. In fact it has been ...