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The Texas cichlid (Herichthys cyanoguttatus), also known as the Rio Grande cichlid, is a freshwater fish of the cichlid family, and the only cichlid species that is native to the United States. It is found in the lower Rio Grande drainage in Texas near Brownsville and northeastern Mexico .
Cichlids are one of the largest vertebrate families in the world. They are most diverse in Africa and South America. Africa alone is host to at least an estimated 1,600 species. [19] Central America and Mexico have about 120 species, as far north as the Rio Grande in South Texas.
The redspotted sunfish is a freshwater fish that can be found throughout the Mississippi River Valley.The distribution spreads north into Illinois and to the Ohio River, west into Texas and to Oklahoma's Red River, and east to the Chattahoochee River in Georgia. [5]
Chameleon cichlids lay their eggs on a stone or piece of wood in the open and the eggs and fry are cared for by both parents for up to three weeks, [4] with the eggs hatching after 2–4 days. [5] In the rivers it has been introduced to in Europe it breeds spawns when the temperature climbs to more than 28–30 °C (82–86 °F).
The oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) is a species of fish from the cichlid family known under a variety of common names, including tiger oscar, velvet cichlid, and marble cichlid. [2] In tropical South America, where the species naturally resides, A. ocellatus specimens are often found for sale as a food fish in the local markets.
The smallest members, 5.2 to 8.5 centimetres (2.0 to 3.3 in) and formerly the C. wallacii species complex was split off to Wallaciia in 2023, along with the former C. saxatilis complex which became Saxatilia. The largest pike cichlids can grow to about 50 cm (20 in) long. [2] Most Crenicichla measure in the range of 15–30 cm (6–12 in). [3]
The Rio Grande silvery minnow or Rio Grande minnow (Hybognathus amarus) is a small herbivorous North American fish. It is one of the seven North American members of the genus Hybognathus, in the cyprinid family. The Rio Grande silvery minnow is one of the most endangered fish in North America, according to the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service ...
The largest species in the genus, the speckled peacock bass (C. temensis), reaches up to 13 kg (29 lb) in weight and 1 m (3.3 ft) in length, possibly making it the largest species of cichlid [16] (others suggest that record goes to the African giant cichlid, Boulengerochromis microlepis). [17] Other peacock bass species are smaller. [18]