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Spermicide is a contraceptive substance that destroys sperm, inserted vaginally prior to intercourse to prevent pregnancy. As a contraceptive, spermicide may be used alone. However, the pregnancy rate experienced by couples using only spermicide is higher than that of couples using other methods.
Nonoxynol-9 is a common ingredient of most vaginal and anal lubricants due to its spermicidal properties. A 2004 study found that over a six-month period, the typical-use failure rates for five nonoxynol-9 vaginal contraceptives (film, suppository, and gels at three different concentrations) ranged from 10% to 20%.
Spermicide – a contraceptive agent to render sperm inert and prevent fertilization of an egg. Teniacide (also taeniacide, tenicide) – a chemical agent that kills tape worms. Theriocide – the act of killing an animal by a human (Ancient Greek: therion "wild animal, beast"). Vermicide – an agent used to kill parasitic intestinal worms.
Male contraceptives, also known as male birth control, are methods of preventing pregnancy by interrupting the function of sperm. [1] The main forms of male contraception available today are condoms, vasectomy, and withdrawal, which together represented 20% of global contraceptive use in 2019.
Nonoxynol-9, a spermicide, is ineffective as a topical microbicide in preventing HIV infection. Although nonoxynol-9 has been shown to increase the risk of HIV infection when used frequently by women at high risk of infection, it remains a contraceptive option for women at low risk.
The spermicide nonoxynol-9 has been claimed to reduce the likelihood of STI transmission. However, a technical report from 2001 [ 40 ] by the World Health Organization has shown that nonoxynol-9 is an irritant and can produce tiny tears in mucous membranes, which may increase the risk of transmission by offering pathogens more easy points of ...
Traditionally, the diaphragm has been used with spermicide, and it is widely believed that the spermicide is a significant factor in the effectiveness of the diaphragm. However, some have asserted that the diaphragm's mechanism of action is primarily as a physical barrier and that a diaphragm is effective without spermicides, but insufficient ...
Specifically, copper acts as a spermicide within the uterus by increasing levels of copper ions, prostaglandins, and white blood cells within the uterine and tubal fluids. [ 12 ] [ 35 ] The increased copper ions in the cervical mucus inhibit the sperm's motility and viability, preventing sperm from traveling through the cervical mucus, or ...