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Dinoflagellates are mostly marine plankton, but they are also common in freshwater habitats. Their populations vary with sea surface temperature, salinity, and depth. Many dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, but a large fraction of these are in fact mixotrophic, combining photosynthesis with ingestion of prey (phagotrophy and myzocytosis). [6] [7]
Ceratium species belong to the group of dinoflagellates known as dinophysiales, meaning they contain armored plates. [2] They contain a pellicle, which is a shell, that is made from the cell membrane and vesicles; vesicles are composed of cross-linked cellulose , forming the plates. [ 2 ]
Lingulodinium polyedra is a species of motile photosynthetic dinoflagellates. L. polyedra are often the cause of red tides in southern California, leading to bioluminescent displays on beaches at night.
Gymnodinium is a genus of dinoflagellates, a type of marine and freshwater plankton.It is one of the few naked dinoflagellates, or species lacking armor known as cellulosic plates.
Dinophysis is a genus of dinoflagellates [1] [2] [3] common in tropical, temperate, coastal and oceanic waters. [4] It was first described in 1839 by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg. [5] Dinophysis are typically medium-sized cells (30-120 μm). [5] The structural plan and plate tabulation are conserved within the genus. [4]
Some dinoflagellates that live as parasites are probably mixotrophic. [7] Karenia, Karlodinium, and Lepidodinium are some of the dinoflagellate genera which are thought to contain peridinin, a carotenoid pigment necessary for photosynthesis in dinoflagellates; [8] however, chlorophyll b has been found in these genera as an accessory pigment. [8]
Symbiodinium is a genus of dinoflagellates that encompasses the largest and most prevalent group of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates known and have photosymbiotic relationships with many species. These unicellular microalgae commonly reside in the endoderm of tropical cnidarians such as corals , sea anemones , and jellyfish , where the products of ...
Coolia is a marine dinoflagellate genus in the family Ostreopsidaceae.It was first described by Meunier in 1919. [1] There are currently seven identified species distributed globally in tropical and temperate coastal waters. [2]