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The yield to maturity (YTM), book yield or redemption yield of a fixed-interest security is an estimate of the total rate of return anticipated to be earned by an investor who buys it at a given market price, holds it to maturity, and receives all interest payments and the capital redemption on schedule. [1] [2]
The adjusted current yield is a financial term used in reference to bonds and other fixed-interest securities. It is closely related to the concept of current yield.
The current yield refers only to the yield of the bond at the current moment. It does not reflect the total return over the life of the bond, or the factors affecting total return, such as: the length of time over which the bond produces cash flows for the investor (the maturity date of the bond),
It is also possible to define a yield spread between two different maturities of otherwise comparable bonds. For example, if a certain bond with a 10-year maturity yields 8% and a comparable bond from the same issuer with a 5-year maturity yields 5%, then the term premium between them may be quoted as 8% – 5% = 3%.
In finance, the yield curve is a graph which depicts how the yields on debt instruments – such as bonds – vary as a function of their years remaining to maturity. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Typically, the graph's horizontal or x-axis is a time line of months or years remaining to maturity, with the shortest maturity on the left and progressively longer ...
Here, the yield to maturity on the bond is determined based on the bond's Credit rating relative to a government security with similar maturity or duration; see Credit spread (bond). The better the quality of the bond, the smaller the spread between its required return and the YTM of the benchmark.
"Trees" are widely applied here. Other common pricing-methods are simulation and PDEs.. Option-adjusted spread (OAS) is the yield spread which has to be added to a benchmark yield curve to discount a security's payments to match its market price, using a dynamic pricing model that accounts for embedded options.
Finance scholar Frank J. Fabozzi has stated that because of the coupon effect, a yield-to-maturity yield curve should not be used to value bonds. [3] Par yield analysis is useful because it avoids the coupon effect, since a bond trading at par has a coupon yield equal to its yield to maturity, according to Martinelli et al. [4]