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Olympus Mons (/ ə ˌ l ɪ m p ə s ˈ m ɒ n z, oʊ-/; [4] Latin for 'Mount Olympus') is a large shield volcano on Mars.It is over 21.9 km (13.6 mi; 72,000 ft) high as measured by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), [5] about 2.5 times the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level.
This is one of the first images to show that Mars has large volcanoes. THEMIS image of lava flows with lobate edges (from Arsia Mons volcano) Using Earth to understand how water may have affected volcanoes on Mars. Volcanic activity, or volcanism, has played a significant role in the geologic evolution of Mars. [2]
Studies of impact crater densities on the Martian surface [10] [11] have delineated four broad periods in the planet's geologic history. [12] The periods were named after places on Mars that had large-scale surface features, such as large craters or widespread lava flows, that date back to these time periods.
Arsia Mons once spewed molten rock across the surface of Mars, but some smaller volcanic features may have come from another source. In a select few places on Earth, mud erupts rather than molten ...
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Alba Mons (formerly and still occasionally known as Alba Patera, a term that has since been restricted to the volcano's summit caldera; [2] also initially known as the Arcadia ring [3]) is a volcano located in the northern Tharsis region of the planet Mars. It is the biggest volcano on Mars in terms of surface area, with volcanic flow fields ...
Volcanoes, wind, or water can produce layers. [8] A detailed discussion of layering with many Martian examples can be found in Sedimentary Geology of Mars. [9] Layers can be hardened by the action of groundwater. Martian ground water probably moved hundreds of kilometers, and in the process it dissolved many minerals from the rock it passed ...