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Role-taking theory (or social perspective taking) is the social-psychological concept that one of the most important factors in facilitating social cognition in children is the growing ability to understand others’ feelings and perspectives, an ability that emerges as a result of general cognitive growth. [1]
John Bowlby's (b.1907) attachment theory proposes that developmental needs and attachment in children are connected to particular people, places, and objects throughout our lives. These connections provide a behavior in the young child that is heavily affected and relied on throughout the entire lifespan.
The Association for Behavior Analysis International has a special interest group for the behavior analysis of child development. Doctoral level behavior analysts who are psychologists belong to American Psychological Association's division 25: behavior analysis. The World Association for Behavior Analysis has a certification in behavior therapy.
Perspective-taking takes place when an individual views a situation from another's point-of-view. [1] [13] Perspective-taking has been defined along two dimensions: perceptual and conceptual. [14] Perceptual perspective-taking is the ability to understand how another person experiences things through their senses (i.e. visually or auditorily). [14]
Each behavioural change theory or model focuses on different factors in attempting to explain behaviour change. Of the many that exist, the most prevalent are learning theories, social cognitive theory, theories of reasoned action and planned behaviour, transtheoretical model of behavior change, the health action process approach, and the BJ Fogg model of behavior change.
Wilhelm T. Preyer, a pioneer of child psychology, was heavily inspired by Darwin's work and approached the mental development of children from an evolutionary perspective. [14] However, evolutionary theory has had a limited impact on developmental psychology as a whole, [5] and some authors argue that even its early influence was minimal. [15]
Children are raised in joint families so that in early childhood (ages 6 months to 2 years) the other family members help gradually wean the child from its mother. During ages 2 to 5, the parents do not rush toilet training. Instead of training the child to perform this behavior, the child learns to do it as they mature at their own pace.
A child using fingers to make a small, circular hole in the sand, 1997. Child development involves the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the conclusion of adolescence. It is—particularly from birth to five years— a foundation for a prosperous and sustainable society. [1]
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