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A child is defined as someone under the age of 15. This staging system also requires the presence of HIV infection: HIV antibody for children aged 18 months or more; virological or p24 antigen positive test if aged under 18 months.
A systematic review assessed the effects and safety of abacavir-containing regimens as first-line therapy for children between 1 month and 18 years of age when compared to regimens with other NRTIs. [64] This review included two trials and two observational studies with almost eleven thousand HIV infected children and adolescents.
WHO Disease Staging System for HIV Infection and Disease was first produced in 1990 by the World Health Organization [1] and updated in 2007. [2] It is an approach for use in resource limited settings and is widely used in Africa and Asia and has been a useful research tool in studies of progression to symptomatic HIV disease .
The World Health Organization recommends treating all children less than five years of age; children above five are treated like adults. [176] The United States guidelines recommend treating all children less than 12 months of age and all those with HIV RNA counts greater than 100,000 copies/mL between one year and five years of age. [177]
In 2005, only 75,000 children with HIV received treatment. Today, nearly 200,000 children receive life-saving medicine. [4] There has been a decline in HIV prevalence among pregnant women age 15–24 attending antenatal clinics in 14 of the 17 worst-affected countries (with sufficient data). [4]
Antiretroviral drugs are used to manage HIV/AIDS. Multiple antiretroviral drugs are often combined into a single pill in order to reduce pill burden . Some of these combinations are complete single-tablet regimens; the others must be combined with additional pills to make a treatment regimen.
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