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The mechanism for base-catalyzed aldol condensation can be seen in the image below. A mechanism for aldol condensation in basic conditions, which occurs via enolate intermediates and E1CB elimination. The process begins when a free hydroxide (strong base) strips the highly acidic proton at the alpha carbon of the aldehyde.
The aldol reaction (aldol addition) is a reaction in organic chemistry that combines two carbonyl compounds (e.g. aldehydes or ketones) to form a new β-hydroxy carbonyl compound. Its simplest form might involve the nucleophilic addition of an enolized ketone to another:
After which it may undergo dehydration to give a unsaturated carbonyl compound, the aldol condensation product. The scheme shows a simple mechanism for the base-catalyzed aldol reaction of an aldehyde with itself. Base-catalyzed aldol reaction. Simple mechanism for base-catalyzed aldol reaction of an aldehyde with itself. Base-catalyzed dehydration
Mechanism of the benzoin addition. In this reaction, one aldehyde donates a proton and one aldehyde accepts a proton. Some aldehydes can only donate protons, such as 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, whereas benzaldehyde is both a proton acceptor and donor. In this way it is possible to synthesise mixed benzoins, i.e. products with different groups ...
Benzaldehyde (C 6 H 5 CHO) is an organic compound consisting of a benzene ring with a formyl substituent. It is among the simplest aromatic aldehydes and one of the most industrially useful. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic almond -like odor , and is commonly used in cherry -flavored sodas . [ 5 ]
Due to the strongly alkaline reaction conditions, aldehydes that have alpha hydrogen atom(s) instead undergo deprotonation there, leading to enolates and possible aldol reactions. Under ideal conditions the reaction produces 50% of both the alcohol and the carboxylic acid (it takes two aldehydes to produce one acid and one alcohol). [5]
In organic chemistry, the Claisen–Schmidt condensation is the reaction between an aldehyde or ketone having an α-hydrogen with an aromatic carbonyl compound lacking an α-hydrogen. It can be considered as a specific variation of the aldol condensation .
The Perkin reaction is an organic reaction developed by English chemist William Henry Perkin in 1868 that is used to make cinnamic acids.It gives an α,β-unsaturated aromatic acid or α-substituted β-aryl acrylic acid by the aldol condensation of an aromatic aldehyde and an acid anhydride, in the presence of an alkali salt of the acid.