Ad
related to: bible characters who experienced peace in europe
Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
The peace institutionalised the Catholic, Lutheran, Calvinist religious divide in Germany, with populations either converting, or moving to areas controlled by rulers of their own faith. One authority puts France's losses against Austria at 80,000 killed or wounded and against Spain (including the years 1648–1659, after Westphalia) at 300,000 ...
The Peace of God was first proclaimed in 989 at the Council of Charroux.It sought to protect ecclesiastical property, agricultural resources, and unarmed clerics. [6] After the collapse of the Carolingian Empire in the ninth century, the areas formerly under its control degenerated into many small counties and lordships, in which local lords and knights frequently fought each other for control.
The Thirty Years' War, [j] from 1618 to 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history.Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from the effects of battle, famine, or disease, while parts of Germany reported population declines of over 50%. [19]
Protestant Europe was largely divided into Lutheran and Reformed (Calvinist) areas, with the Church of England maintaining a separate position. Efforts to unify Lutherans and Calvinists had little success; and the ecumenical ambition to overcome the schism of the Protestant Reformation remained almost entirely theoretical.
The Polish self-image as a "Christ among nations" or the martyr of Europe can be traced back to its history of Christendom and suffering under invasions. [12] During the periods of foreign occupation, the Catholic Church served as a bastion of Poland's national identity and language, and the major promoter of Polish culture. [13]
This is a list of reputed martyrs of Christianity; it includes only notable people with Wikipedia articles.Not all Christian confessions accept every figure on this list as a martyr or Christian—see the linked articles for fuller discussion.
Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!
The Greek word for peace is eirene; Roman pax, and in the Hebrew Bible, shalom. For the earliest Romans, "pax" meant to live in a state of agreement, where discord and war were absent. In his Meditations , or To Himself , the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius expresses peace as a state of unperturbed tranquility.