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Waterborne diseases were once wrongly explained by the miasma theory, the theory that bad air causes the spread of diseases. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] However, people started to find a correlation between water quality and waterborne diseases, which led to different water purification methods, such as sand filtering and chlorinating their drinking water.
Pediculosis vestimenti, Vagabond's disease Pediculosis corporis is caused by the body louse , Pediculus humanus humanus ( syn. Pediculus corporis [ citation needed ] ). The dark mass depicted inside the abdomen is a previously ingested blood meal.
Main causes of fecal–oral disease transmission include lack of adequate sanitation (leading to open defecation), and poor hygiene practices. If soil or water bodies are polluted with fecal material, humans can be infected with waterborne diseases or soil-transmitted diseases. Fecal contamination of food is another form of fecal-oral transmission.
The most common of these are abrasions and small ulcers caused by trauma. While these can be inflicted during rape most are actually caused by excessive rubbing from clothing or improper insertion of a sanitary tampon. The typical ulcer or sore caused by syphilis is painless with raised edges. These are often undetected because they occur ...
The diseases are caused by specific types of bacterial infection. [1] Epidemic typhus is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii spread by body lice, scrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi spread by chiggers, and murine typhus is caused by Rickettsia typhi spread by fleas. [1] Vaccines have been developed, but none are commercially available.
Diseases caused by pollution, lead to the chronic illness and deaths of about 8.4 million people each year. However, pollution receives a fraction of the interest from the global community. [1] This is in part because pollution causes so many diseases that it is often difficult to draw a straight line between cause and effect.
Poor sanitary conditions are known to increase the risk of contracting amebiasis E. histolytica. [11] In the United States, there is a much higher rate of amebiasis-related mortality in California and Texas (this might be caused by the proximity of those states to E. histolytica-endemic areas, such as Mexico), parts of Latin America, and Asia. [12]
Among adults, it more commonly affects women than men – likely due to their closer contact with children. [2] The disease is the cause of decreased vision in 2.2 million people, of whom 1.2 million are completely blind. [2] Trachoma is a public health problem in 42 countries across Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Central and South America. [7]