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Before soils can be compacted in the field, some laboratory tests are required to determine their engineering properties. Among various properties, the maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content are vital and specify the required density to be compacted in the field. [2]
Soil compaction, also known as soil structure degradation, is the increase of bulk density or decrease in porosity of soil due to externally or internally applied loads. [1] Compaction can adversely affect nearly all physical, chemical and biological properties and functions of soil . [ 2 ]
Soil bulk density is equal to the dry mass of the soil divided by the volume of the soil; i.e., it includes air space and organic materials of the soil volume. Thereby soil bulk density is always less than soil particle density and is a good indicator of soil compaction. [47] The soil bulk density of cultivated loam is about 1.1 to 1.4 g/cm 3 ...
The Proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density. The test is named in honor of Ralph Roscoe Proctor [ de ] , who in 1933 showed that the dry density of a soil for a given compactive effort depends ...
Soil bulk density, when determined at standardized moisture conditions, is an estimate of soil compaction. [60] Soil porosity consists of the void part of the soil volume and is occupied by gases or water. Soil consistency is the ability of soil materials to stick together. Soil temperature and colour are self-defining.
The bulk density of soil depends greatly on the mineral make up of soil and the degree of compaction. [3] The density of quartz is around 2.65 g/cm 3 but the (dry) bulk density of a mineral soil is normally about half that density, between 1.0 and 1.6 g/cm 3.
The dry bulk density of a soil greatly depends on the mineral assemblage making up the soil and on its degree of compaction. The density of quartz is around 2.65 g/cm 3 but the dry bulk density of a soil can be less than half that value. Most soils have a dry bulk density between 1.0 and 1.6 g/cm 3 but organic soil and some porous clays may ...
Dynamic compaction is a method that is used to increase the density of soils when certain subsurface constraints make other methods of soil compaction inappropriate. The process involves dropping a heavy weight repeatedly on the ground at regularly spaced points, usually laid out in a systematic fashion such as a grid.