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The Spartan army was the principle ground force of Sparta. ... Sparta: Athens: Spartan Defeat The Boeotian War. Dates Battle Allies Opponents Outcome 376 BC:
The Athenian military was the old main force of Athens, one of the major city-states of Ancient Greece. It was largely similar to other armies of the region – see Ancient Greek warfare . Army
During the Carneia, military activity was forbidden by Spartan law; the Spartans had arrived too late at the Battle of Marathon because of this requirement. [50] It was also the time of the Olympic Games, and therefore the Olympic truce, and thus it would have been doubly sacrilegious for the whole Spartan army to march to war.
At the same time, Athens' greatest runner, Pheidippides (or Philippides) was sent to Sparta to request that the Spartan army march to Athens' aid. [92] Pheidippides arrived during the festival of Carneia , a sacrosanct period of peace, and was informed that the Spartan army could not march to war until the full moon rose; Athens could not ...
The defeat of the pro-Athens forces and the triumph of Sparta in the preceding Corinthian War (394–386 BC) was especially disastrous to Thebes, as the general settlement of 387 BC, called the Peace of Antalcidas or "King's Peace", stipulated the complete autonomy of all Greek towns and so withdrew the other Boeotians from the political control of Thebes.
Given its military pre-eminence, Sparta was recognized as the leading force of the unified Greek military during the Greco-Persian Wars, in rivalry with the rising naval power of Athens. [3] Sparta was the principal enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), [4] from which it emerged victorious after the Battle of Aegospotami.
Under pressure, the extremist leaders opened peace negotiations with Sparta and began constructing a fortification in the harbor of Piraeus, which the moderates believed they planned to use to give Spartan armies access to Athens. [20] After Phrynichus was assassinated, the moderates grew bolder and arrested an extremist general in Piraeus.
A Spartan army under Aristodemus, the guardian of the boy king Agesipolis, was sent north from Sparta to challenge the allies. The allied army, meanwhile, waited at Corinth, while the council debated over who should command it. Before a decision was reached, the Spartan army entered Corinthian territory, burning and plundering along the way.