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Perineal hernia is a hernia involving the perineum (pelvic floor). The hernia may contain fluid, fat , any part of the intestine , the rectum , or the bladder . It is known to occur in humans , dogs , and other mammals, and often appears as a sudden swelling to one side (sometimes both sides) of the anus .
An indirect hernia is situated laterally to these vessels, whereas a direct hernia is positioned medially to them. Inguinal hernias are the most common type of hernia in both men and women. In some selected cases, they may require surgery. There are special cases where a direct and indirect hernia appear together.
Shirin Towfigh (born 1971, Tehran) is an American surgeon who specializes in minimally invasive hernia surgery. [1] She is the president and founder of the Beverly Hills Hernia Center, a specialty clinic launched in 2013 for treating hernias and hernia-related complications. [2]
Femoral hernias are a relatively uncommon type, accounting for only 3% of all hernias. While femoral hernias can occur in both males and females, almost all develop in women due to the increased width of the female pelvis. [1] Femoral hernias are more common in adults than in children.
It has been suggested that the terms enterocele and sigmoidocele are inaccurate, since hernias are usually named according to location and not according to contents. [6] However, the terms are in widespread use. [6] As such, enterocele, peritoneocele, sigmoidocele, and omentocele could be considered as types of cul-de-sac hernia. [7] [3]
An obturator hernia is a rare type of hernia, encompassing 0.07-1% of all hernias, [2] of the pelvic floor in which pelvic or abdominal contents protrudes through the obturator foramen. The obturator foramen is formed by a branch of the ischial (lower and back hip bone) as well as the pubic bone.
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