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The cause of pericarditis often remains unknown but is believed to be most often due to a viral infection. [ 4 ] [ 8 ] Other causes include bacterial infections such as tuberculosis , uremic pericarditis , heart attack , cancer , autoimmune disorders , and chest trauma .
Cardiac inflammation: idiopathic pericarditis is the most common inflammatory cause of pericardial effusion in the United States. [8] [9] Autoimmune: lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, [10] Sjögren syndrome, scleroderma, Dressler's syndrome, sarcoidosis; Drug hypersensitivity/ side effects: Chemotherapy drugs (doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide ...
Purulent pericarditis refers to localized inflammation in the setting of infection of the pericardial sac surrounding the heart. [1] In contrast to other causes of pericarditis which may have a viral etiology, purulent pericarditis refers specifically to bacterial or fungal infection of the pericardial sac. [2]
Numerous types of infections, including bacterial, fungal, or viral, can cause pericarditis. The condition can also develop after a heart attack, heart surgery, or radiation treatments.
The other 10–20% of acute pericarditis cases have various causes including connective tissue diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), cancer, or involve an inflammatory reaction of the pericardium following trauma to the heart such as after a heart attack such as Dressler's syndrome. [2]
Anticoagulants: To prevent embolization.. Beta blockers: To block the effects of certain hormones on the heart to slow the heart rate.. Calcium Channel Blockers: Help slow the heart rate by blocking the number of electrical impulses that pass through the AV node into the lower heart chambers (ventricles).
Constrictive pericarditis is the main long-term complication of tuberculous pericarditis that requires management. [5] Corticosteroids have long been thought to help reduce the risk of future cardiac complications. [3] [7] Colchicine is a drug thought to reduce the recurrence of constrictive pericarditis, although evidence is limited. [5]
Uremic pericarditis is associated with azotemia, and occurs in about 6-10% of kidney failure patients. BUN is normally >60 mg/dL (normal is 7–20 mg/dL). However, the degree of pericarditis does not correlate with the degree of serum BUN or creatinine elevation. The pathogenesis is poorly understood. [2]
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