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The history of interwar Poland comprises the period from the revival of the independent Polish state in 1918, until the Invasion of Poland from the West by Nazi Germany in 1939 at the onset of World War II, followed by the Soviet Union from the East two weeks later.
The official name of the state was the Republic of Poland.In the Polish language, it was referred to as Rzeczpospolita Polska (abbr. RP), with the term Rzeczpospolita being a traditional name for the republic when referring to various Polish states, including the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (considered to be the First Polish Republic, Pierwsza Rzeczpospolita), and later, the current Third ...
Initially, at the end of World War II in 1945, Poland also gained control of the current southern border strip of the Kaliningrad Oblast, with Polish administration organized in the towns of Gierdawy and Iławka, however, the area was eventually annexed by the Soviet Union and included within the Kaliningrad Oblast by December 1945. [129]
End of World War II in Europe: June 18–21: Trial of the Sixteen Polish Underground leaders in Moscow July 10–25: Augustów roundup of anti-Communist partisans August 2: Potsdam Conference concludes between the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States: August 11: Kraków pogrom with one dead victim 1946: January 20
In many respects, the history of the Polish Underground State mirrors that of the Polish non-communist resistance in general. The Underground State traces its origins to the Service for Poland's Victory (Służba Zwycięstwu Polski, SZP) organization, which was founded on 27 September 1939, one day before the surrender of the Polish capital of Warsaw, at a time when the Polish defeat in the ...
The Polish population increased disproportionately in the 1920s and 1930s and was estimated at 20% shortly before the start of World War II in 1939. [37] The Catholic priest Franciszek Rogaczewski estimated that Poles made up about 20% of the population of the Free City of Danzig in 1936. [10]
After the German conquest of Poland, a Polish government-in-exile was formed under the protection of France and Britain. The government was recognised by the United Kingdom and the United States until 5 July 1945, when the Western Allies accepted Joseph Stalin's communist government. By the end of 1946, the government-in-exile had lost ...
Józef Beck (Polish: [ˈjuzɛv ˈbɛk] ⓘ; 4 October 1894 – 5 June 1944) was a Polish statesman who served the Second Republic of Poland as a diplomat and military officer. A close associate of Józef Piłsudski , Beck is most famous for being Polish foreign minister in the 1930s and for largely setting Polish foreign policy.