Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
In thermodynamics, the particle number (symbol N) of a thermodynamic system is the number of constituent particles in that system. [1] The particle number is a fundamental thermodynamic property which is conjugate to the chemical potential. Unlike most physical quantities, the particle number is a dimensionless quantity, specifically a ...
The Avogadro constant, commonly denoted N A [1] or L, [2] is an SI defining constant with an exact value of 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1 (reciprocal moles). [3] [4] It is this defined number of constituent particles (usually molecules, atoms, ions, or ion pairs—in general, entities) per mole and used as a normalization factor in relating the amount of substance, n(X), in a sample of a ...
The term "particle" in this context refers to gaseous particles only (atoms or molecules), and the system of particles is assumed to have reached thermodynamic equilibrium. [1] The energies of such particles follow what is known as Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics , and the statistical distribution of speeds is derived by equating particle ...
Historically, the mole was defined as the amount of substance in 12 grams of the carbon-12 isotope.As a consequence, the mass of one mole of a chemical compound, in grams, is numerically equal (for all practical purposes) to the mass of one molecule or formula unit of the compound, in daltons, and the molar mass of an isotope in grams per mole is approximately equal to the mass number ...
The most common statistical ensembles have named partition functions. The canonical partition function applies to a canonical ensemble, in which the system is allowed to exchange heat with the environment at fixed temperature, volume, and number of particles.
The number density (symbol: n or ρ N) is an intensive quantity used to describe the degree of concentration of countable objects (particles, molecules, phonons, cells, galaxies, etc.) in physical space: three-dimensional volumetric number density, two-dimensional areal number density, or one-dimensional linear number density.
The usual normalization of the distribution function is (,) = (,,), = (,), where N is the total number of particles and n is the number density of particles – the number of particles per unit volume, or the density divided by the mass of individual particles.
The Loschmidt constant or Loschmidt's number (symbol: n 0) is the number of particles (atoms or molecules) of an ideal gas per volume (the number density), and usually quoted at standard temperature and pressure. The 2018 CODATA recommended value [1] is 2.686 780 111... × 10 25 m −3 at 0 °C and 1 atm.