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Antenna tuning is best done as close to the antenna as possible to minimize loss, increase bandwidth, and reduce voltage and current on the transmission line. Also, when the information being transmitted has frequency components whose wavelength is a significant fraction of the electrical length of the feed line, distortion of the transmitted ...
A quadrant antenna is a 'V' antenna with an unusual overall length of a full wavelength, with two half-wave horizontal elements meeting at a right angle where it is fed. [14] Quadrant antennas produce mostly horizontal polarization at low to intermediate elevation angles and have nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns. [15]
Relative to the even larger wavelengths it is used for, although the antenna is enormous on human-scale it is paradoxically an ultra-short antenna. Being much smaller than a wavelength gives the antenna many troublesome properties: An extremely narrow bandwidth, low radiation resistance, and excessive capacitive feedpoint reactance.
An antenna designer must take into account the application for the antenna when determining the gain. High-gain antennas have the advantage of longer range and better signal quality, but must be aimed carefully in a particular direction. Low-gain antennas have shorter range, but the orientation of the antenna is inconsequential.
A halo antenna, or halo, is a center-fed 1 / 2 wavelength dipole antenna, which has been bent into a circle, with a break directly opposite the feed point. The dipole's ends are close, but do not touch, and the ends on either side of the gap may be flared out to form a larger air gap capacitor , whose spacing is used to fine-adjust the ...
A quad antenna is a self-resonant loop in a square shape; this one also includes a parasitic element.. Loop antennas may be in the shape of a circle, a square, or any other closed geometric shape that allows the total perimeter to be slightly more than one wavelength.
For directional antennas, the Yagi antenna is the most widely used as a high gain or "beam" antenna. For television reception, the Yagi is used, as well as the log-periodic antenna due to its wider bandwidth. Helical and turnstile antennas are used for satellite communication since they employ circular polarization.
Even greater directionality can be obtained using aperture antennas such as the parabolic reflector or horn antenna. Since high directivity in an antenna depends on it being large compared to the wavelength, highly directional antennas (thus with high antenna gain) become more practical at higher frequencies (UHF and above).