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  2. Intel microcode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Microcode

    The processor must be in protection ring zero ("Ring 0") in order to initiate a microcode update. [21]: 1 Each CPU in a symmetric multiprocessing arrangement needs to be updated individually. [21]: 1 An update is initiated by placing its address in eax register, setting ecx = 0x79, and executing a wrmsr (Write model-specific register).

  3. Speculative Store Bypass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculative_Store_Bypass

    [7] [2] [12] A stable microcode patch is yet to be delivered, with Intel suggesting that the patch will be ready "in the coming weeks". [ needs update ] [ 7 ] Many operating system vendors will be releasing software updates to assist with mitigating Variant 4; [ 13 ] [ 2 ] [ 14 ] however, microcode/ firmware updates are required for the ...

  4. Transient execution CPU vulnerability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_execution_CPU...

    According to AMD it is not practical but the company will release a microcode update for the affected products. Also in August 2023 a new vulnerability called Downfall or Gather Data Sampling was disclosed, [ 63 ] [ 64 ] [ 65 ] affecting Intel CPU Skylake, Cascade Lake, Cooper Lake, Ice Lake, Tiger Lake, Amber Lake, Kaby Lake, Coffee Lake ...

  5. Downfall (security vulnerability) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downfall_(security...

    Intel promised microcode updates to resolve the vulnerability. [1] The microcode patches have been shown to significantly reduce the performance of some heavily-vectorized loads. [7] Patches to mitigate the effects of the vulnerability have also been created as part of the forthcoming version 6.5 release of the Linux kernel. [8]

  6. BIOS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS

    Without reprogrammable microcode, an expensive processor swap would be required; [36] for example, the Pentium FDIV bug became an expensive fiasco for Intel as it required a product recall because the original Pentium processor's defective microcode could not be reprogrammed. Operating systems can update main processor microcode also. [37] [38]

  7. Microcode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcode

    The act of writing microcode is often referred to as microprogramming, and the microcode in a specific processor implementation is sometimes termed a microprogram. Through extensive microprogramming, microarchitectures of smaller scale and simplicity can emulate more robust architectures with wider word lengths, additional execution units , and ...

  8. x86 instruction listings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_instruction_listings

    The XSAVE instruction set extensions are designed to save/restore CPU extended state (typically for the purpose of context switching) in a manner that can be extended to cover new instruction set extensions without the OS context-switching code needing to understand the specifics of the new extensions.

  9. Control store - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_store

    A control store is the part of a CPU's control unit that stores the CPU's microprogram.It is usually accessed by a microsequencer.A control store implementation whose contents are unalterable is known as a Read Only Memory (ROM) or Read Only Storage (ROS); one whose contents are alterable is known as a Writable Control Store (WCS).

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