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An image depicting an ancient Macedonian shield displaying the 'Vergina Sun', a royal symbol. Excavated at Bonče, North Macedonia. The Macedonian phalangite shield, also termed the 'Telamon shield', was circular and displayed a slight convexity; its outer surface was faced by a thin bronze sheet.
The Macedonian army continued to evolve under the Antigonid dynasty.It is uncertain how many men were appointed as somatophylakes bodyguards, which numbered eight men at the end of Alexander the Great's reign, while the hypaspistai seem to have morphed into assistants of the somatophylakes rather than a separate unit in their own right. [2]
Fresco of an ancient Macedonian soldier wearing chainmail armor and bearing a thureos shield; 3rd century BC The thyreophoroi or thureophoroi ( Greek : θυρεοφόροι ; sg. : thureophoros / thyreophoros , θυρεοφόρος) [ 1 ] were a type of infantry soldier , common in the 3rd to 1st centuries BC, who carried a large oval shield ...
Fresco of an ancient Macedonian soldier (thorakitai) wearing chainmail armor and bearing a thureos shield. The thorakitai (Greek: θωρακίται; sg.: θωρακίτης, thorakites) were a type of soldier in Hellenistic armies similar to the thureophoroi.
They were men chosen from the whole kingdom and armed in the Macedonian manner. [5] Their position beside the king at the Battle of Magnesia in 190 BC suggests that they were the premier infantry guard unit in the Seleucid army. At the Daphne parade held by Antiochus IV Epiphanes in 166 BC, the Argyraspides were 5,000 strong. [6]
This unit, known as the Hypaspistai, or hypaspists, was probably armed in the hoplite manner, with a large concave shield and a spear , in addition to spolas or linothorax body-armor, hoplite's helmet, greaves and a xiphos or kopis sword (though their equipment was likely more ornate than main-line soldiers).
The Macedonian phalanx (Greek: Μακεδονική φάλαγξ) was an infantry formation developed by Philip II from the classical Greek phalanx, of which the main innovation was the use of the sarissa, a 6-metre pike.
Ancient Macedonian paintings of Hellenistic-era military armor, arms, and gear from the Tomb of Lyson and Kallikles in ancient Mieza (modern-day Lefkadia), Imathia, Central Macedonia, Greece, dated 2nd century BC. The Hellenistic armies based their strength on the pike-bearing phalanx, the legacy of Philip II and Alexander the Great.