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Details of upper respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract can refer to the parts of the respiratory system lying above the vocal folds, or above the cricoid cartilage. [4] [5] The larynx is sometimes included in both the upper and lower airways. [6] The larynx is also called the voice box and has the associated cartilage that produces sound.
In humans and other mammals, the anatomy of a typical respiratory system is the respiratory tract.The tract is divided into an upper and a lower respiratory tract.The upper tract includes the nose, nasal cavities, sinuses, pharynx and the part of the larynx above the vocal folds.
The lungs as main part of respiratory tract The lower respiratory tract is part of the respiratory system , and consists of the trachea and the structures below this including the lungs. [ 32 ] The trachea receives air from the pharynx and travels down to a place where it splits (the carina ) into a right and left primary bronchus .
Certain parts of the respiratory tract, such as the oropharynx, are also subject to the abrasive swallowing of food. To prevent the destruction of the epithelium in these areas, it changes to stratified squamous epithelium, which is better suited to the constant sloughing and abrasion.
As a major part of the respiratory tract, when obstructed the trachea prevents air entering the lungs and so a tracheostomy may be required if the trachea is obstructed. Additionally, during surgery if mechanical ventilation is required when a person is sedated, a tube is inserted into the trachea, called intubation .
The back surface is covered in a layer of column-shaped cells with cilia, similar to the rest of the respiratory tract. It also has mucus-secreting goblet cells. [2] There is an intermediate zone between these surfaces that contains cells that transition in shape. [4] The body of the epiglottis consists of elastic cartilage. [2]
A bronchus (/ ˈ b r ɒ ŋ k ə s / BRONG-kəs; pl.: bronchi, / ˈ b r ɒ ŋ k aɪ / BRONG-ky) is a passage or airway in the lower respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs.The first or primary bronchi to branch from the trachea at the carina are the right main bronchus and the left main bronchus.
Air enters the upper respiratory tract through the nose. The nasal conchae can be seen in this image. The nose is the first organ of the upper respiratory tract in the respiratory system. Its main respiratory function is the supply and conditioning, by warming, moisturising and filtering of particulates of inhaled air. [23]