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Four-dimensional space (4D) is the mathematical extension of the concept of three-dimensional space (3D). Three-dimensional space is the simplest possible abstraction of the observation that one needs only three numbers, called dimensions, to describe the sizes or locations of objects in the everyday world.
In geometry, a tesseract or 4-cube is a four-dimensional hypercube, analogous to a two-dimensional square and a three-dimensional cube. [1] Just as the perimeter of the square consists of four edges and the surface of the cube consists of six square faces , the hypersurface of the tesseract consists of eight cubical cells , meeting at right ...
The tesseract is one of 6 convex regular 4-polytopes. In mathematics, a regular 4-polytope or regular polychoron is a regular four-dimensional polytope.They are the four-dimensional analogues of the regular polyhedra in three dimensions and the regular polygons in two dimensions.
Just as a 3D shape can be projected onto a flat sheet, so a 4-D shape can be projected onto 3-space or even onto a flat sheet. One common projection is a Schlegel diagram which uses stereographic projection of points on the surface of a 3-sphere into three dimensions, connected by straight edges, faces, and cells drawn in 3-space.
The elements of a polytope can be considered according to either their own dimensionality or how many dimensions "down" they are from the body. Vertex, a 0-dimensional element; Edge, a 1-dimensional element; Face, a 2-dimensional element; Cell, a 3-dimensional element; Hypercell or Teron, a 4-dimensional element; Facet, an (n-1)-dimensional element
In geometry, a hypercube is an n-dimensional analogue of a square (n = 2) and a cube (n = 3); the special case for n = 4 is known as a tesseract.It is a closed, compact, convex figure whose 1-skeleton consists of groups of opposite parallel line segments aligned in each of the space's dimensions, perpendicular to each other and of the same length.
A tesseract is an example of a four-dimensional object. Whereas outside mathematics the use of the term "dimension" is as in: "A tesseract has four dimensions", mathematicians usually express this as: "The tesseract has dimension 4", or: "The dimension of the tesseract is 4" or: 4D.
A vertex figure (of a 4-polytope) is a polyhedron, seen by the arrangement of neighboring vertices around a given vertex. For regular 4-polytopes, this vertex figure is a regular polyhedron. An edge figure is a polygon, seen by the arrangement of faces around an edge. For regular 4-polytopes, this edge figure will always be a regular polygon.