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  2. Hydrogen production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_production

    A fuel-air or fuel-oxygen mixture is partially combusted, resulting in a hydrogen- and carbon monoxide-rich syngas. More hydrogen and carbon dioxide are then obtained from carbon monoxide (and water) via the water-gas shift reaction. [35] Carbon dioxide can be co-fed to lower the hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio.

  3. Liquefaction of gases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefaction_of_gases

    Many gases can be put into a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure by simple cooling; a few, such as carbon dioxide, require pressurization as well. Liquefaction is used for analyzing the fundamental properties of gas molecules (intermolecular forces), or for the storage of gases, for example: LPG, and in refrigeration and air conditioning.

  4. Steam reforming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_reforming

    Illustrating inputs and outputs of steam reforming of natural gas, a process to produce hydrogen and CO 2 greenhouse gas that may be captured with CCS. Steam reforming or steam methane reforming (SMR) is a method for producing syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) by reaction of hydrocarbons with water. Commonly natural gas is the feedstock.

  5. Industrial gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_gas

    Liquid hydrogen is used by NASA in the Space Shuttle as a rocket fuel. A nitrogen generator Membrane nitrogen generator. Simpler gas separation technologies, such as membranes or molecular sieves used in pressure swing adsorption or vacuum swing adsorption are also used to produce low purity air gases in nitrogen generators and oxygen plants.

  6. Haber process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_process

    The hydrogen is catalytically reacted with nitrogen (derived from process air [clarification needed]) to form anhydrous liquid ammonia. It is difficult and expensive, as lower temperatures result in slower reaction kinetics (hence a slower reaction rate ) [ 32 ] and high pressure requires high-strength pressure vessels [ 33 ] that resist ...

  7. Gas to liquids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_to_liquids

    These hydrocarbons are typically liquid or semi-liquid and ideally have the formula (C n H 2n+2). In order to obtain the mixture of CO and H 2 required for the Fischer–Tropsch process, methane (main component of natural gas) may be subjected to partial oxidation which yields a raw synthesis gas mixture of mostly carbon dioxide , carbon ...

  8. Liquid hydrogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_hydrogen

    Liquid hydrogen also has a much higher specific energy than gasoline, natural gas, or diesel. [12] The density of liquid hydrogen is only 70.85 kg/m 3 (at 20 K), a relative density of just 0.07. Although the specific energy is more than twice that of other fuels, this gives it a remarkably low volumetric energy density, many fold lower.

  9. Gasification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasification

    The gasification process occurs as the char reacts with steam and carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, via the reactions C + H 2 O → H 2 + CO and C + CO 2 → 2CO. In addition, the reversible gas phase water-gas shift reaction reaches equilibrium very fast at the temperatures in a gasifier.