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The three stages to adhesive capsulitis are freezing, frozen, and thawing. During the freezing stage, there is a significant increase in pain in the night hours. The Frozen stage is where the shoulder loses its range of motion and becomes stiff. Lastly, the thawing stage is where pain becomes minimal, and range of motion is restored.
Range of motion (or ROM) is the linear or angular distance that a moving object may normally travel while properly attached to another. In biomechanics and strength training , ROM refers to the angular distance and direction a joint can move between the flexed position and the extended position. [ 1 ]
Range of motion exercises are also called "ROM" exercises. There are three types of ROM exercises: passive, active, and active assists. Passive range of motion is movement applied to a joint solely by another person or persons or a passive motion machine. When passive range of motion is applied, the joint of an individual receiving exercise is ...
Evaluation of passive and active range of motion: Neck range of motion should be assessed that may reveal a neck source of shoulder pain. The Apley scratch test specifically tests range of motion and in a normal exam, an individual should be able to reach C7 on external rotation, and T7 on internal rotation. Evaluation of distal pulses
The range of motion at the shoulder may be limited by pain. A painful arc of movement may be present during forward elevation of the arm from 60° to 120°. [4] Passive movement at the shoulder will appear painful when a downward force is applied at the acromion but the pain will ease once the force is removed. [2]
Subacromial bursitis is a condition caused by inflammation of the bursa that separates the superior surface of the supraspinatus tendon (one of the four tendons of the rotator cuff) from the overlying coraco-acromial ligament, acromion, and coracoid (the acromial arch) and from the deep surface of the deltoid muscle. [1]
The Spencer technique (also known as the "7 stages of Spencer") is an articulatory technique used in Osteopathic medicine to help relieve restriction and pain at the shoulder. [1] Although variations exist, normally 7 steps are included. [2] Indications for the Spencer technique include adhesive capsulitis. [3] The following is a common ...
Type of treatment can include, ice and electrical stimulation, massage, or other hand on treatment to help ease the pain and muscle spasm. After about four weeks range of motion exercises can be started. Passive exercises are done which the shoulder joint is moved but the muscles stay relaxed. After about six to eight weeks active therapy is ...