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One of Pavlov’s dogs with a saliva-catch container and tube surgically implanted in its muzzle, Pavlov Museum, 2005. The history of animal testing goes back to the writings of the Ancient Greeks in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, with Aristotle (384–322 BCE) and Erasistratus (304–258 BCE) one of the first documented to perform experiments on nonhuman animals. [1]
Concern for animal welfare resurges in the 1950s, resulting in the federal Humane Slaughter Act [10] and the Animal Welfare Act. [11] 1966-2016: Intensive animal agriculture continues to grow, with the number of land animals slaughtered for food in the U.S. growing from 2.4 billion in 1965 to 9.2 billion in 2015. [12]
Animal testing is widely used to aid in research of human disease when human experimentation would be unfeasible or unethical. [26] This strategy is made possible by the common descent of all living organisms, and the conservation of metabolic and developmental pathways and genetic material over the course of evolution. [27]
The domestication of animals began with dogs. From 8500 to 1000 BCE, cats, sheep, goats, cows, pigs, chickens, donkeys, horses, silkworms, camels, bees, ducks, and reindeer were domesticated by various civilizations. [1] 1000 BCE–700 CE Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism started teaching ahimsa, nonviolence toward all living beings.
Animal experimentation also increased significantly over the course of the twentieth century, largely driven by the development of new drugs. [13] Following the decline of the anti-vivisection movement in the early-twentieth century, animal welfare and rights movements did not re-emerge until the 1950s.
The Animal Welfare Act (Laboratory Animal Welfare Act of 1966, Pub. L. 89–544) was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on August 24, 1966. [1] It is the main federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research and exhibition. Other laws, policies, and guidelines may include additional species ...
A spokesperson for the UK-based Understanding Animal Research organisation was sceptical about the scientists’ claims, saying: “Those who do animal testing are also the biggest investors in ...
Pages in category "History of animal testing" The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...