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APC fees applied to academic research are usually expensive, effectively limiting open access publishing to wealthier institutions, scholars, and students. The APC model of open access, among other controversies, is part of the wider and increasingly global Open Access OA's ethics debate. [11] Most journals do not charge APCs.
A hybrid open-access journal is a subscription journal in which some of the articles are open access.This status typically requires the payment of a publication fee (also called an article processing charge or APC) to the publisher in order to publish an article open access, in addition to the continued payment of subscriptions to access all other content.
Many universities, research institutions and research funders have adopted mandates requiring their researchers to make their research publications open access. [267] For example, Research Councils UK spent nearly £60m on supporting their open access mandate between 2013 and 2016. [ 268 ]
Diamond open access refers to academic texts (such as monographs, edited collections, and journal articles) published/distributed/preserved with no fees to either reader or author. Alternative labels include platinum open access , non-commercial open access , cooperative open access or, more recently, open access commons .
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Prestige journals using the APC model often charge several thousand dollars. Oxford University Press, with over 300 journals, has fees ranging from £1000-£2500, with discounts of 50% to 100% to authors from developing countries. [55] Wiley Blackwell has 700 journals available, and they charge different amounts for each journal. [56]
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Dove Medical Press is a privately held company founded in 2003 [11] by Tim Hill, a former managing director of Adis International and five other founders. [12]As of 11 April 2013, 42 of the 131 journals were indexed in PubMed, while 30 of the 131 journals had fewer than ten articles.