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[18] [13] The most common cause of acute compartment syndrome is a fractured bone, usually the tibia. [28] [29] Leg compartment syndrome occurs in 1% to 10% of tibial fractures. [6] It is strongly linked to tibial diaphysis fractures and other tibial injuries. [30]
A compartment space is anatomically determined by an unyielding fascial (and osseous) enclosure of the muscles.The anterior compartment syndrome of the lower leg (often referred to simply as anterior compartment syndrome), can affect any and all four muscles of that compartment: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius.
The thickness of the fascia can give problems when any inflammation present in the leg has little room to expand into. Blood vessels and nerves can also be affected by the pressure caused by any swelling in the leg. If the pressure becomes great enough, blood flow to the muscle can be blocked, leading to a condition known as compartment ...
The anterior compartment of the leg is supplied by the deep fibular nerve (deep peroneal nerve), a branch of the common fibular nerve. The nerve contains axons from the L4, L5, and S1 spinal nerves. Blood for the compartment is supplied by the anterior tibial artery, which runs between the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles.
Due to the thick fascia covering the leg muscles, they are prone to compartment syndrome. This pathology relates to tissue inflammation affecting blood flow and compressing nerves. If left untreated, compartment syndrome can lead to atrophy of muscles, blood clots, and neuropathy. [10]
Compartment syndrome is a clinical diagnosis, i.e., no diagnostic test conclusively proves its presence or absence, but direct measurement of the pressure in a fascial compartment, [11] and the difference between this pressure and the blood pressure, [22] may be used to assess its severity. High pressures in the compartment and a small ...
Complications may include injury to an artery, most commonly the popliteal artery behind the knee, or compartment syndrome. [3] [4] [7] About half of cases are the result of major trauma and about half as a result of minor trauma. [3] About 50% of the time, the joint spontaneously reduces before arrival at hospital. [3]
A fascial compartment [1] is a section within the body that contains muscles and nerves and is surrounded by deep fascia.In the human body, the limbs can each be divided into two segments – the upper limb can be divided into the arm and the forearm and the sectional compartments of both of these – the fascial compartments of the arm and the fascial compartments of the forearm contain an ...