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Calomel is a powder that is white when pure, and it has been used as a pigment in painting in 17th century South Americas art and in European medieval manuscripts. [14] When it is exposed to light or contains impurities it takes on a darker tint. [7] Calomel is made up of mercury and chlorine with the chemical formula Hg 2 Cl 2. Depending on ...
The name calomel is thought to come from the Greek καλός "beautiful", and μέλας "black"; or καλός and μέλι "honey" from its sweet taste. [4] The "black" name (somewhat surprising for a white compound) is probably due to its characteristic disproportionation reaction with ammonia, which gives a spectacular black coloration due to the finely dispersed metallic mercury formed.
The saturated calomel electrode (SCE) is a reference electrode based on the reaction between elemental mercury and mercury(I) chloride. It has been widely replaced by the silver chloride electrode , however the calomel electrode has a reputation of being more robust.
On May 4, there was some hope following a high dose of calomel (toxic mercury chloride) administered by his English physician Archibald Arnott and two of his colleagues, but against the advice of Corsican physician François Antommarchi. The effect, however, was extremely violent. [5] During the night of May 4-5, Napoleon was in a comatose state.
Inorganic mercury compounds, such as mercury(I)chloride (), were found to have diuretic properties when they were used to treat syphilis. [2] Proposed use of these compounds date back at least to the 16th century, shortly after the beginning of the syphilis epidemic in 1497 following Columbus' return to Europe.
Mercury compounds like calomel were historically used for various medical purposes: as laxatives, diuretics, antiseptics or antimicrobial drugs for syphilis, typhus and yellow fever. [3] Teething powders were a widespread source of mercury poisoning until the recognition of mercury toxicity in the 1940s.
The most common types of reference electrodes used in analytical chemistry include the standard hydrogen electrode, the saturated calomel electrode, and the Ag/AgCl electrode. [3] The standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) is the primary reference electrode that has a potential of 0 volts at all temperatures and a pressure of 1 atm.
Clare was a London surgeon who wrote several treatises advocating a method of administering calomel by friction within the mouth as a remedy for venereal diseases. A medal by T. Holloway was struck in Clare's honour in 1779, with a finely executed portrait on one side, and on the other the words alluding to Clare's method: ‘Artem medendi ...