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In spite of skepticism in the medical community, [38] the hospice movement spread, and in 1987 the Hospice Palliative Care Association of South Africa formed. [41] In 1990, Nairobi Hospice opened in Nairobi, Kenya. [41] As of 2006, Kenya, South Africa and Uganda were among 35 countries offering widespread, well-integrated palliative care. [41]
The hospice movement in the United States became distinguished from that in Britain, according to Stephen Connor's Hospice: Practice, Pitfalls and Promise, by "a greater emphasis on use of volunteers and more focus on psychological preparation for death". [5]
Dame Cicely Mary Strode Saunders (22 June 1918 – 14 July 2005) was an English nurse, social worker, physician and writer. She is noted for her work in terminal care research and her role in the birth of the hospice movement, emphasising the importance of palliative care in modern medicine, and opposing the legalisation of voluntary euthanasia.
The modern hospice movement emerged as a reaction to the over-medicalization of death. Until the 1960s, the attitude of most health providers was that death was something to be fought, to the bitter end, no matter how painful the treatment or disheartening the experience.
The first formal hospice was founded in 1948 by the British physician Dame Cicely Saunders in order to care for patients with terminal illnesses. [2] She defined key physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of distress in her work. She also developed the first hospice care as well in the US in 1974 - Connecticut Hospice. [3]
Hospice experts said that they would take extra care with such patients — making sure that families are informed if an emergency comes about, and transferring patients to a hospital when in doubt. But McNamara, the Chemed CEO, said that the full code designation “doesn't have much meaning in the hospice arena.”
The field of palliative care grew out of the hospice movement, which is commonly associated with Dame Cicely Saunders, who founded St. Christopher's Hospice for the terminally ill in 1967, [21] and Elisabeth Kübler-Ross who published her seminal work "On Death and Dying" in 1969.
VITAS Innovative Hospice Care, a pioneer and leader in the hospice movement since 1978, is the nation's leading provider of end-of-life care. With headquarters in Miami, VITAS (pronounced VEE-tahs ...