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Newfoundland was an English and, later, British colony established in 1610 on the island of Newfoundland, now the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. That followed decades of sporadic English settlement on the island, which was at first seasonal, rather than permanent.
Newfoundland postage stamp, featuring Sir Humphrey Gilbert. Newfoundland was the oldest English colony in North America, being claimed by John Cabot for King Henry VII, and again by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583. It gradually acquired European settlement; in 1825, it was formally recognised as a Crown colony by the British government.
Sir Robert Bond (1857–1927) was a Newfoundland nationalist who insisted upon the colony's equality of status with Canada, and opposed joining the confederation. [28] Bond promoted the completion of a railway across the island (started in 1881) because it would open access to valuable minerals and timber and reduce the almost total dependence ...
In 1907, Newfoundland became a self-governing Dominion separate from Canada. By the 1920s and the 1930s, Newfoundland was almost $40 million in debt, [3] and on the verge of economic collapse. A commission recommended Newfoundland to be "given a rest from party politics" [3] and to be administered by a special Commission of Government.
Newfoundland and its neighbouring small islands (excluding French possessions) have an area of 111,390 km 2 (43,010 sq mi). [19] Newfoundland extends between latitudes 46°36′N and 51°38′N. [20] [21] Labrador is also roughly triangular in shape: the western part of its border with Quebec is the drainage divide of the Labrador Peninsula ...
Newfoundland and Labrador was once a British colony before joining the Canadian Confederation in 1949. After the Oregon boundary dispute between the UK and US government was resolved in 1846, the colonies of Vancouver Island and colony of British Columbia were established; the former in 1849 and the latter in 1858.
The Dominion of Newfoundland was a British dominion from 1907 (before which the territory had the status of a British colony, self-governing from 1855) to 1949. The Dominion of Newfoundland was situated in northeastern North America along the Atlantic coast and comprised the island of Newfoundland and Labrador on the mainland. [96]
No land changed hands, and the scope of the case did not include the sovereignty of Machias Seal Island. [59] April 1, 1999 The territory of Nunavut was created from roughly the eastern half of the Northwest Territories. [n] [61] December 6, 2001 The province of Newfoundland was renamed Newfoundland and Labrador. [62] April 1, 2003