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In organic chemistry, transalkylation is a chemical reaction involving the transfer of an alkyl group from one organic compound to another. The reaction is used for the transfer of methyl and ethyl groups between benzene rings.
In commercial applications, the alkylating agents are generally alkenes, some of the largest scale reactions practiced in industry.Such alkylations are of major industrial importance, e.g. for the production of ethylbenzene, the precursor to polystyrene, from benzene and ethylene and for the production of cumene from benzene and propene in cumene process:
A large scale application of the Ritter reaction is in the synthesis of tert-octylamine, by way of the intermediate formamide.This process was originally described by Ritter in 1948, [11] and an estimated 10,000 tons/y (year: 2000) of this and related lipophilic amines are prepared in this way. [12]
Transesterification is the process of exchanging the organic functional group R″ of an ester with the organic group R' of an alcohol. These reactions are often catalyzed by the addition of an acid or base catalyst. [1] Strong acids catalyze the reaction by donating a proton to the carbonyl group, thus making it a more potent electrophile.
The next step requires a bond rotation to conformer 3 which places the migrating group R in position for attack on the second carbonyl group. In a concerted step, the migrating R group attacks the α-carbonyl group forming another alkoxide with concomitant formation of a keto-group at the other carbon. This migration step is rate-determining.
Unsworth et al.’s protecting group-free total synthesis of dievodiamine utilizes the Curtius rearrangement in the first step of the synthesis, catalyzed by boron trifluoride. The activated isocyanate then quickly reacts with the indole ring in an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction to give the amide in 94% yield, and subsequent steps ...
The mechanism for the reduction of a nitrile to an aldehyde with DIBAL-H. The hydride reagent Diisobutylaluminium hydride, or DIBAL-H, is commonly used to convert nitriles to the aldehyde. [14]
The reaction mechanism for this reaction has several steps: Proton transfer from acid catalyst to carbonyl oxygen increases electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon. The carbonyl carbon is then attacked by the nucleophilic oxygen atom of the alcohol; Proton transfer from the oxonium ion to a second molecule of the alcohol gives an activated complex