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A tetrapod is a form of wave-dissipating concrete block used to prevent erosion caused by weather and longshore drift, primarily to enforce coastal structures such as seawalls and breakwaters. Tetrapods are made of concrete , and use a tetrahedral shape to dissipate the force of incoming waves by allowing water to flow around rather than ...
Preliminary design of armour unit size is often undertaken using the Hudson's equation, Van der Meer and more recently Van Gent et al.; these methods are all described in CIRIA 683 "The Rock Manual" and the United States Army Corps of Engineers Coastal engineering manual (available for free online) and elsewhere. For detailed design the use of ...
Coastal engineering takes place at or near the interface between land and water. Consequently a significant part of coastal engineering involves underwater construction, particularly for foundations. Breakwaters, sea walls, harbour structures like jetties, wharves and docks, bridges, tunnels, outfalls and causeways usually involve underwater work.
An example of a modern seawall in Ventnor on the Isle of Wight, England People socializing and walking at the Malecón, Havana Seawall at Urangan, Queensland. A seawall (or sea wall) is a form of coastal defense constructed where the sea, and associated coastal processes, impact directly upon the landforms of the coast.
The essential source on coastal engineering is the European Code of Conduct for Coastal Zones issued by the European Council in 1999. This document was prepared by the Group of Specialists on Coastal Protection and underlies national legislation and practice.
The Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is a key element for the sustainable development of coastal zones. However, this recent notion may not be adapted to all cases. [ 3 ] The Sumatra earthquake and the Indian Ocean tsunami had a significant impact on the coastal environment and stakeholders' perceptions of mitigation and management of ...