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A solenoid (/ ˈ s oʊ l ə n ɔɪ d / [1] ... direction outside the solenoid. We confirm this by applying the right hand grip rule for the field around a wire. If we ...
In mathematics and physics, the right-hand rule is a convention and a mnemonic, utilized to define the orientation of axes in three-dimensional space and to determine the direction of the cross product of two vectors, as well as to establish the direction of the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
Yet in our explanation of the rule we have used two completely distinct laws for the two cases – v × B for "circuit moves" and ∇ × E = −∂ t B for "field changes". We know of no other place in physics where such a simple and accurate general principle requires for its real understanding an analysis in terms of two different phenomena .
The solenoid can be useful for positioning, stopping mid-stroke, or for low velocity actuation; especially in a closed loop control system. A uni-directional solenoid would actuate against an opposing force or a dual solenoid system would be self cycling. The proportional concept is more fully described in SAE publication 860759 (1986).
There is also a Fleming's left-hand rule (for electric motors). The appropriately handed rule can be recalled from the letter "g", which is in "right" and "generator". These mnemonics are named after British engineer John Ambrose Fleming, who invented them. An equivalent version of Fleming's right-hand rule is the left-hand palm rule. [2]
A solenoid is a long, thin coil; i.e., a coil whose length is much greater than its diameter. Under these conditions, and without any magnetic material used, the magnetic flux density B {\displaystyle B} within the coil is practically constant and is given by B = μ 0 N i ℓ {\displaystyle B={\frac {\mu _{0}\,N\,i}{\ell }}}
The various FBI mnemonics (for electric motors) show the direction of the force on a conductor carrying a current in a magnetic field as predicted by Fleming's left hand rule for motors [1] and Faraday's law of induction. Other mnemonics exist that use a right hand rule for predicting resulting motion from a preexisting current and field.
From the right hand rule, this is directed in the −x direction, opposite to the velocity v of the metal sheet. This force accelerates the electron giving it a component of velocity opposite to the sheet. Collisions of these electrons with the atoms of the sheet exert a drag force on the sheet. Eddy current brake.