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The compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula HCl and as such is a hydrogen halide. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry.
Acid strength is the tendency of an acid, symbolised by the chemical formula, to dissociate into a proton, +, and an anion, .The dissociation or ionization of a strong acid in solution is effectively complete, except in its most concentrated solutions.
Hydrogen chloride can be generated in many ways, and thus several precursors to hydrochloric acid exist. The large-scale production of hydrochloric acid is almost always integrated with the industrial scale production of other chemicals , such as in the chloralkali process which produces hydroxide , hydrogen, and chlorine, the latter of which ...
The nearer two molecules are in this three-dimensional space, the more likely they are to dissolve into each other. To determine if the parameters of two molecules (usually a solvent and a polymer) are within range, a value called interaction radius is given to the substance being dissolved. This value determines the radius of the sphere in ...
Trichlorosilane is produced by treating powdered metallurgical grade silicon with blowing hydrogen chloride at 300 °C. Hydrogen is also produced, as described in the chemical equation: Si + 3 HCl → HCl 3 Si + H 2. Yields of 80-90% can be achieved. The main byproducts are silicon tetrachloride (chemical formula SiCl 4), hexachlorodisilane (Si ...
Another method is the heating of hypochlorous acid, producing chloric acid and hydrogen chloride: [citation needed] 3 HClO → HClO 3 + 2 HCl Any way it is produced, the acid may be concentrated up to 40% in a vacuum dessicator over H 2 SO 4 .
Phosphoryl chloride (commonly called phosphorus oxychloride) is a colourless liquid with the formula P O Cl 3. It hydrolyses in moist air releasing phosphoric acid and fumes of hydrogen chloride . It is manufactured industrially on a large scale from phosphorus trichloride and oxygen or phosphorus pentoxide . [ 4 ]
The reaction with hydrogen chloride HCl also gives nitric acid and nitryl chloride NO 2 Cl: [16] N 2 O 5 + HCl → HNO 3 + NO 2 Cl. Dinitrogen pentoxide eventually decomposes at room temperature into NO 2 and O 2. [17] [13] Decomposition is negligible if the solid is kept at 0 °C, in suitably inert containers. [8]