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The beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β 2 adrenoreceptor), also known as ADRB2, is a cell membrane-spanning beta-adrenergic receptor that binds epinephrine (adrenaline), a hormone and neurotransmitter whose signaling, via adenylate cyclase stimulation through trimeric G s proteins, increases cAMP, and, via downstream L-type calcium channel interaction, mediates physiologic responses such as smooth ...
Beta 2-adrenergic agonists, also known as adrenergic β 2 receptor agonists, are a class of drugs that act on the β 2 adrenergic receptor. Like other β adrenergic agonists , they cause smooth muscle relaxation. β 2 adrenergic agonists' effects on smooth muscle cause dilation of bronchial passages , vasodilation in muscle and liver ...
Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to change both the volume of blood vessels and the local blood pressure, a mechanism that is responsible for the redistribution of the blood within the body to areas where it is needed (i.e. areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption).
When NE is released into the synapse, it feeds back on the α 2 receptor, causing less NE release from the presynaptic neuron. This decreases the effect of NE. There are also α 2 receptors on the nerve terminal membrane of the post-synaptic adrenergic neuron. Actions of the α 2 receptor include: decreased insulin release from the pancreas [19]
Prior to their discovery, the non-selective beta-agonist isoprenaline was used. The aim of the drug development through the years has been to minimise side effects, achieve selectivity and longer duration of action. The mechanism of action is well understood and has facilitated the development.
However, with regular beta-2 agonist use, asthmatic Arg-16 individuals experience a significant decline in bronchodilator response. This decline does not occur in Gly-16 individuals. It has been proposed that the tachyphylactic effect of regular exposure to exogenous beta-2 agonists is more apparent in Arg-16 individuals because their receptors ...
The GABAA beta-2 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABRB2 gene.It combines with other subunits to form the ionotropic GABAA receptors. GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) system is the major inhibitory system in the brain, and its dominant GABAA receptor subtype is composed of α1, β2, and γ2 subunits with the stoichiometry of 2:2:1, which accounts for 43% of all GABAA receptors.
β 2 microglobulin (B2M) is a component of MHC class I molecules. MHC class I molecules have α 1 , α 2 , and α 3 proteins which are present on all nucleated cells (excluding red blood cells ). [ 5 ] [ 6 ] In humans, the β 2 microglobulin protein [ 7 ] is encoded by the B2M gene .