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Europium is a chemical element; it has symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It is a silvery-white metal of the lanthanide series that reacts readily with air to form a dark oxide coating. Europium is the most chemically reactive, least dense, and softest of the lanthanides. It is soft enough to be cut with a knife.
Europium compounds fluoresce under UV light at 395 nm and 365 nm. [1] Europium compounds are compounds formed by the lanthanide metal europium (Eu). In these compounds, europium generally exhibits the +3 oxidation state, such as EuCl 3, Eu(NO 3) 3 and Eu(CH 3 COO) 3. Compounds with europium in the +2 oxidation state are also known.
Europium is exempt of this classification as it has two valence states: Eu 2+ and Eu 3+. [29] Yttrium is grouped as heavy rare-earth element due to chemical similarities. [30] The break between the two groups is sometimes put elsewhere, such as between elements 63 (europium) and 64 (gadolinium). [31]
WHAT ARE THEY?Rare earths are a group of 17 elements including 15 silvery-white metals called lanthanides, or lanthanoids, plus scandium and yttrium. WHAT ARE THEY USED FOR?They are used in a wide ...
Yttria is used as a sintering additive in the production of porous silicon nitride. [69] Yttrium compounds are used as a catalyst for ethylene polymerization. [15] As a metal, yttrium is used on the electrodes of some high-performance spark plugs. [70] Yttrium is used in gas mantles for propane lanterns as a replacement for thorium, which is ...
Naturally occurring europium (63 Eu) is composed of two isotopes, 151 Eu and 153 Eu, with 153 Eu being the most abundant (52.2% natural abundance).While 153 Eu is observationally stable (theoretically can undergo alpha decay with half-life over 5.5×10 17 years), 151 Eu was found in 2007 to be unstable and undergo alpha decay. [4]
Electrolysis is a permanent hair removal technique that uses electrical current to destroy hair follicles one at a time. Dr. Murphy-Rose explains, “A fine, needle-like probe is inserted into the ...
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