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A Toot and a Snore in '74 is a bootleg album consisting of the only known recording session in which John Lennon and Paul McCartney played together after the break-up of the Beatles in 1970. First mentioned by Lennon in a 1975 interview, [ 1 ] more details were brought to light in May Pang 's 1983 book, Loving John , and it gained wider ...
In statistics, self-selection bias arises in any situation in which individuals select themselves into a group, causing a biased sample with nonprobability sampling.It is commonly used to describe situations where the characteristics of the people which cause them to select themselves in the group create abnormal or undesirable conditions in the group.
A similar phenomenon, termed the "no abstract available bias" or NAA bias, is a scholar's tendency to cite journal articles that have an abstract available online more readily than articles that do not—this affects articles' citation count similarly to open access citation advantage. [1] [2]
In psychology and cognitive science, a memory bias is a cognitive bias that either enhances or impairs the recall of a memory (either the chances that the memory will be recalled at all, or the amount of time it takes for it to be recalled, or both), or that alters the content of a reported memory. There are many types of memory bias, including:
Self-selection bias or a volunteer bias in studies offer further threats to the validity of a study as these participants may have intrinsically different characteristics from the target population of the study. [19] Studies have shown that volunteers tend to come from a higher social standing than from a lower socio-economic background. [20]
At F1000Research, articles are published before review, and invited peer review reports (and reviewer names) are published with the article as they come in. [16] Author-revised versions of the article are then linked to the original. A similar post-publication review system with versioned articles is used by Science Open launched in 2014. [17]
In statistics, sampling bias is a bias in which a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population have a lower or higher sampling probability than others. It results in a biased sample [ 1 ] of a population (or non-human factors) in which all individuals, or instances, were not equally likely to have been selected ...
This selected exposure to similar people may bias or restrict the "sample of information about the true diversity of opinion in the larger social environment". [17] As a result of the selective exposure and availability heuristic, it is natural for the similarities to prevail in one's thoughts.