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Brachycephaly (derived from the Ancient Greek βραχύς, 'short' and κεφαλή, 'head') is the shape of a skull shorter than average in its species.It is perceived as a cosmetically desirable trait in some domesticated dog and cat breeds, notably the pug and Persian, and can be normal or abnormal in other animal species.
The English bulldog, a typically brachycephalic dog breed, may have brachycephalic syndrome. A Peke-face Exotic shorthair.. Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), also known as brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome (BAOS), brachycephalic airway syndrome (BAS), and brachycephalic syndrome (BS), [1] is a pathological condition affecting short nosed dogs and cats which can lead ...
The brachycephalic was more common in the temperate regions. Genetic and environmental factors have been suggested for the presence of variations in cephalic indices among population groups. Dietary habits have also been shown to modulate the craniofacial form of people.
The extremely brachycephalic head shape of the Shih Tzu – flat faces, excessive facial wrinkles, and shallow eye sockets – is linked to both ocular and respiratory problems. 13. American ...
Brachycephalic — short-headed [14] The vertical cephalic index refers to the ratio between the height of the head multiplied by 100 and divided by the length of the head. Humans may be: Chamaecranic — low-skulled; Orthocranic — medium high-skulled; Hypsicranic — high-skulled
Swedish professor of anatomy Anders Retzius (1796–1860) first used the cephalic index in physical anthropology to classify ancient human remains found in Europe. He classified brains into three main categories, "dolichocephalic" (from the Ancient Greek kephalê, head, and dolikhos, long and thin), "brachycephalic" (short and broad) and "mesocephalic" (intermediate length and width).
In anthropology, human populations have been characterized as either dolichocephalic (long-headed), mesocephalic (moderate-headed), or brachycephalic (short-headed). The usefulness of the cephalic index was questioned by Giuseppe Sergi , who argued that cranial morphology provided a better means to model racial ancestry.
The condition is part of the brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome common to short-nosed dog [2] and cat breeds. [3] Dog breeds commonly affected by stenotic nares include Boston Terrier, Boxer, Bulldog, King Charles Spaniel, Lhasa Apso, Pug, and Shih Tzu. Stenotic nares is a congenital trait, meaning an animal is born with it.