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Guatemala's economy is dominated by the private sector, which generates about 85% of GDP. [citation needed] Most of its manufacturing is light assembly and food processing, geared to the domestic, U.S., and Central American markets. In 1990 the labor force participation rate for women was 42%, later increasing by 1% in 2000 to 43% and 51% in 2010.
Guatemala: Central America: Upper middle income 48.3 2014 48.28 2014 Guyana: South America: High income 45.0 1998 35.00 2006 Hong Kong: Eastern Asia: High income 42.00 2016 Honduras: Central America: Lower middle income 48.2 2019 48.10 2021 Croatia: Southern Europe: High income 28.9 2021 28.92 2022 Haiti: Caribbean: Lower middle income
Guatemala, [a] officially the Republic of Guatemala, [b] is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically bordered to the south by the Pacific Ocean and to the northeast by the Gulf of Honduras.
Guatemala is heavily centralized. Transportation, communications, business, politics, and the most relevant urban activity takes place in Guatemala City. Guatemala City has about 2 million inhabitants within the city limits and more than 5 million within the wider urban area. This is a significant percentage of the population (14 million). [8]
A map of Guatemala showing its 22 departments. The Republic of Guatemala is divided into 22 departments (Spanish: departamentos) [1] which in turn are divided into 340 municipalities. [2] [3] The departments are governed by a departmental governor, appointed by the President.
Climate change in Guatemala is a serious issue as Guatemala is considered one of 10 nations most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. [1] In 2010, Guatemala "ranked second in the world on the Global Climate Risk Index, which indicates the level of exposure and vulnerability to extreme events."
Coffee production began to develop in Guatemala in the 1850s. Coffee is an important element of Guatemala's economy. [1] Guatemala was Central America's top producer of coffee for most of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, until being overtaken by Honduras in 2011. [1]
A page from the Lienzo de Tlaxcala, showing a Spanish conquistador accompanied by Tlaxcalan allies and a native porter. The sources describing the Spanish conquest of Guatemala include those written by the Spanish themselves, among them two of four letters written by conquistador Pedro de Alvarado to Hernán Cortés in 1524, describing the initial campaign to subjugate the Guatemalan Highlands.