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Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (PND) is an attack of severe shortness of breath and coughing that generally occurs at night. [1] It usually awakens the person from sleep, and may be quite frightening. [ 2 ]
Hypnic jerks are associated with a rapid heartbeat, quickened breathing, sweat, and sometimes "a peculiar sensory feeling of 'shock' or 'falling into the void ' ". [2] It can also be accompanied by a vivid dream experience or hallucination. [3] A higher occurrence is reported in people with irregular sleep schedules. [4]
Orthopnea or orthopnoea [1] is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat, [2] causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair. It is commonly seen as a late manifestation of heart failure, resulting from fluid redistribution into the central circulation, causing an increase in pulmonary capillary pressure and causing difficulty in breathing.
The most common findings of cardiac asthma are the presence of wheeze, cough, or shortness of breath (predominantly occurring at night or when lying down) in a patient that possesses signs of congestive heart failure. [4] [5] [6] [7]
Symptoms of rhythmic movement disorder vary, but most share common large muscle movement patterns. Many show consistent symptoms including: [citation needed] body rocking, where the whole body is moved while on the hands and knees.
Palpitations occur when a person becomes aware of their heartbeat. The heartbeat may feel hard, fast, or uneven in their chest. [1] [2] Symptoms include a very fast or irregular heartbeat. Palpitations are a sensory symptom. [1] They are often described as a skipped beat, a rapid flutter, or a pounding in the chest or neck. [1] [2]
Atrial tachycardia is a type of heart rhythm problem in which the heart's electrical impulse comes from an ectopic pacemaker (that is, an abnormally located cardiac pacemaker) in the upper chambers of the heart, rather than from the sinoatrial node, the normal origin of the heart's electrical activity.
Racing thoughts refers to the rapid thought patterns that often occur in manic, hypomanic, or mixed episodes.While racing thoughts are most commonly described in people with bipolar disorder and sleep apnea, they are also common with anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and other psychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).