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Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (PND) is an attack of severe shortness of breath and coughing that generally occurs at night. [1] It usually awakens the person from sleep, and may be quite frightening. [2]
Hypnic jerks are associated with a rapid heartbeat, quickened breathing, sweat, and sometimes "a peculiar sensory feeling of 'shock' or 'falling into the void ' ". [2] It can also be accompanied by a vivid dream experience or hallucination. [3] A higher occurrence is reported in people with irregular sleep schedules. [4]
Orthopnea or orthopnoea [1] is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat, [2] causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair. It is commonly seen as a late manifestation of heart failure, resulting from fluid redistribution into the central circulation, causing an increase in pulmonary capillary pressure and causing difficulty in breathing.
The heartbeat may feel hard, fast, or uneven in their chest. [1] [2] Symptoms include a very fast or irregular heartbeat. Palpitations are a sensory symptom. [1] They are often described as a skipped beat, a rapid flutter, or a pounding in the chest or neck. [1] [2]
The most common findings of cardiac asthma are the presence of wheeze, cough, or shortness of breath (predominantly occurring at night or when lying down) in a patient that possesses signs of congestive heart failure. [4] [5] [6] [7]
A normal resting heart rate is 60 to 100 beats per minute. A resting heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute is defined as a tachycardia. During an episode of SVT, the heart beats about 150 to 220 times per minute. [9] Specific treatment depends on the type of SVT [5] and can include medications, medical procedures, or surgery. [5]
[29] [30] [31] The distinction is that tachycardia be reserved for the rapid heart rate itself, regardless of cause, physiologic or pathologic (that is, from healthy response to exercise or from cardiac arrhythmia), and that tachyarrhythmia be reserved for the pathologic form (that is, an arrhythmia of the rapid rate type).
Symptoms of rhythmic movement disorder vary, but most share common large muscle movement patterns. Many show consistent symptoms including: [citation needed] body rocking, where the whole body is moved while on the hands and knees.