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Septoria lycopersici infects the tomato leaves via the stomata and also by direct penetration of epidermal cells. [3] Symptoms generally include circular or angular lesions most commonly found on the older, lower leaves of the plant. [1] The lesions are generally 2–5 mm in diameter and have a greyish center with brown margins.
An aphid infestation can ruin a garden. Learn what causes aphids and how to identify, kill, and control them naturally for healthy plants with no aphid holes.
Aphids can also transmit viruses and allow sooty mold to take hold. When the population becomes too large, an aphid might grow wings and fly away to find a fresh host plant.
Woolly aphids generally are not much cause for alarm, although they can cause rather unsightly damage to plants, which is particularly a problem for growers of ornamental plants. Symptoms caused by their feeding on a plant include twisted and curled leaves, yellowed foliage, poor plant growth, low plant vigor, and branch dieback. [citation needed]
In a study on tomatoes, it was shown that the aphids preferred smooth to hairy leaves and that susceptible tomato plants had higher sucrose, lower quinic acid and higher alanine and tyrosine levels. [10] In lettuce, butterhead varieties are mostly moderately to highly resistant to the aphid whereas crisphead varieties are susceptible. [11]
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A. a. f. sp. lycopersici (AAL) infects only certain cultivars of tomato plants and is often referred to as Alternaria stem canker of tomato. [3] AAL ' s main symptom is cankers in the stem. It resides in seeds and seedlings, and is often spread by spores as they become airborne and land on plants. It can also spread throughout other plants. [4]
The more consistently you can keep these soil factors, the better your plants will be. Remember, it is also best to somewhat mimic rainfall patterns to wean plants off excessive moisture.