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The two measures are often confused in descriptions of dog breeds. The cephalic index is used to classify animals into three groups: Brachycephalic (literally 'short-headed'): the length of the cranium is shorter than the width, giving the top and sides of the cranium a round shape, often referred to as 'apple-head'.
The cephalic index or cranial index is a number obtained by taking the maximum width (biparietal diameter or BPD, side to side) of the head of an organism, multiplying it by 100 and then dividing it by their maximum length (occipitofrontal diameter or OFD, front to back). The index was once used to categorize human beings in the first half of ...
Brachycephaly (derived from the Ancient Greek βραχύς, 'short' and κεφαλή, 'head') is the shape of a skull shorter than average in its species.It is perceived as a cosmetically desirable trait in some domesticated dog and cat breeds, notably the pug and Persian, and can be normal or abnormal in other animal species.
These animals are often referred to as brachycephalic, derived from the Greek words for “short” and “head”. [3] An elongated soft palate is a symptom of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) and is common in brachycephalic dog breeds and has been reported in brachycephalic cat breeds as well. [4]
Dog anatomy comprises the anatomical study of the visible parts of the body of a domestic dog. Details of structures vary tremendously from breed to breed, more than in any other animal species, wild or domesticated, [ 1 ] as dogs are highly variable in height and weight.
The English bulldog, a typically brachycephalic dog breed, may have brachycephalic syndrome. A Peke-face Exotic shorthair.. Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), also known as brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome (BAOS), brachycephalic airway syndrome (BAS), and brachycephalic syndrome (BS), [1] is a pathological condition affecting short nosed dogs and cats which can lead ...
Curvature of the back, called roaching, might be caused by patella problems with the rear legs, which in turn causes the dog to lean forward onto the forelegs. [2] The Boston Terrier is a brachycephalic breed of dog. [16] Brachycephaly refers to the shortened muzzle of the breed which results in a pushed-in appearance of the face. [17]
In anthropology, human populations have been characterized as either dolichocephalic (long-headed), mesocephalic (moderate-headed), or brachycephalic (short-headed). The usefulness of the cephalic index was questioned by Giuseppe Sergi , who argued that cranial morphology provided a better means to model racial ancestry.