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Actinomyces species have also been shown to infect the central nervous system in a dog "without history or evidence of previous trauma or other organ involvement." [12] Pelvic actinomycosis is a rare but proven complication of use of intrauterine devices. In extreme cases, pelvic abscesses might develop.
Cefepime has an extended spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with greater activity against both types of organism than third-generation agents. A 2007 meta-analysis suggested when data of trials were combined, mortality was increased in people treated with cefepime compared with other β-lactam antibiotics. [1]
Intraoperative blood salvage (IOS), also known as cell salvage, is a specific type of autologous blood transfusion. Specifically IOS is a medical procedure involving recovering blood lost during surgery and re-infusing it into the patient. It is a major form of autotransfusion.
Actinomycosis is most frequently caused by A. israelii. [4] It is a normal colonizer of the vagina, [ 5 ] colon, and mouth. [ 6 ] Infection is established first by a breach of the mucosal barrier during various procedures (dental, gastrointestinal), aspiration, or pathologies such as diverticulitis . [ 7 ]
Actinomyces and its associated species have, for a long time, been implicated in human infections, particularly those of the mouth, pharynx, distal esophagus, and genitourinary tract. [9] Within the last 10 years, A. massiliensis has been detected in blood, and most Actinomyces bacteremias stem from oral sources. [9]
Cefepime/enmetazobactam, sold under the brand name Exblifep, is a medication used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a fixed dose combination containing cefepime , a cephalosporin antibacterial; and enmetazobactam , a beta-lactamase inhibitor .
Cutaneous actinomycosis is a chronic disease that affects the deep subcutaneous tissue of the skin. Caused by an anaerobic, Gram-positive, filamentous type of bacteria in the genus Actinomyces, [1]: 270 invasion of the soft tissue leads to the formation of abnormal channels leading to the skin surface (external sinus tracts) that discharge pale yellow sulfur granules.
An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR), also called immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction, is a life-threatening reaction to receiving a blood transfusion. AHTRs occur within 24 hours of the transfusion and can be triggered by a few milliliters of blood. The reaction is triggered by host antibodies destroying donor red blood cells.