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  2. List of transponder codes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Transponder_Codes

    VFR standard squawk code when no other code has been assigned. [1] EASA countries: Code that pilot shall set when not receiving air traffic services, unless otherwise prescribed by the competent authority. [12] US: External ARTCC subset. (Block of discrete codes except that xx00 is used as a non-discrete code after all discrete codes are ...

  3. Transponder (aeronautics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transponder_(aeronautics)

    A discrete transponder code (often called a squawk code) is assigned by air traffic controllers to identify an aircraft uniquely in a flight information region (FIR). This allows easy identification of aircraft on radar. [6] [7] Codes are made of four octal digits; the dials on a transponder read from zero to seven, inclusive. Four octal digits ...

  4. CRAFT (aviation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRAFT_(aviation)

    The initial altitude is sometimes stated on the charts. If not, it will be given by the air traffic controller. The departure frequency is given to the pilot when ATC hands the aircraft over to the next sector. A typical IFR clearance would be: OOABC, cleared to Ostend via the DENUT 7C departure, climb flight level six zero, squawk four six ...

  5. Gillham code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillham_Code

    [nb 1] The final code variant was developed in late 1961 [5] for the ICAO Communications Division meeting (VII COM) held in January/February 1962, [6] and described in a 1962 FAA report. [7] [8] [9] The exact timeframe and circumstances of the term Gillham code being coined are unclear, but by 1963 the code was already recognized under this name.

  6. Identification friend or foe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identification_friend_or_foe

    Mode C responded with a 12-bit number encoded using Gillham code, which represented the altitude as (that number) x 100 feet - 1200. Radar systems can easily locate an aircraft in two dimensions, but measuring altitude is a more complex problem and, especially in the 1950s, added significantly to the cost of the radar system.

  7. Air traffic control radar beacon system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control_radar...

    The transponder has a small required set of controls and is simple to operate. It has a method to enter the four-digit transponder code, also known as a beacon code or squawk code, and a control to transmit an ident, which is done at the controller's request (see SPI pulse below). Transponders typically have 4 operating modes: Off, Standby, On ...

  8. List of aircraft type designators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aircraft_type...

    These codes are defined by both the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA). ICAO codes are published in ICAO Document 8643 Aircraft Type Designators [1] and are used by air traffic control and airline operations such as flight planning. While ICAO designators are used to ...

  9. Squawk code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squawk_code

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