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Thomas' sign is the production of silver stools and can be indicative of cancer of the Ampulla of Vater. The ampulla of Vater is the site of tumors, often with a threatening prognosis and difficult surgical treatment. The silver-colored stool is a combination of the white stool of obstructive jaundice combined with black stool of melena or ...
Periampullary cancer is a cancer that forms near the ampulla of Vater, an enlargement of the ducts from the liver and pancreas where they join and enter the small intestine. [1] It consists of: ampullary tumour from ampulla of Vater; cancer of lower common bile duct; duodenal cancer adjacent to ampulla; carcinoma head of pancreas
The sphincter regulates the secretion of pancreatic juice and bile into the duodenum. [3] It also prevents reflux of duodenal contents into the ampulla of Vater. [4] By preventing reflux of the contents of the duodenum, the sphincter of Oddi prevents the accumulation of particulate matter and sludge in the bile ducts, reducing the risk of cholangitis.
Functional disorders of the gallbladder, bile duct and pancreas have been defined and classified by the Rome criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders. [2] The criteria outline three variants of functional disorders of the gallbladder, bile duct and pancreas, termed functional gallbladder disorder, functional biliary sphincter of Oddi disorder and functional pancreatic sphincter of ...
The major duodenal papilla (papilla of Vater) is a rounded projection in the duodenum into which the common bile duct and pancreatic duct drain. The major duodenal papilla is, in most people, the primary mechanism for the secretion of bile and other enzymes that facilitate digestion.
Other indicators include raised indicators of ampulla of vater (pancreatic duct obstruction) such as lipases and amylases. In prolonged cases the international normalized ratio (INR) may change due to a decrease in vitamin K absorption. (It is the decreased bile flow which reduces fat breakdown and therefore absorption of fat soluble vitamins).
Treatment of bile leaks: leakage of bile into the abdominal cavity is a complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The purpose of biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy in the treatment of a bile leak is to reduce or eliminate the pressure gradient between the bile duct and the duodenum, encouraging transpapillary bile flow and allowing the leak ...
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