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Drylands are zones where precipitation is balanced by evaporation from surfaces and by transpiration by plants (evapotranspiration). [1] The United Nations Environment Program defines drylands as tropical and temperate areas with an aridity index of less than 0.65. [2] One can classify drylands into four sub-types: Dry sub-humid lands; Semi ...
A satellite image of the Sahara, the world's largest hot desert and third largest desert after Antarctica and the Arctic. Desert greening is the process of afforestation or revegetation of deserts for ecological restoration (biodiversity), sustainable farming and forestry, but also for reclamation of natural water systems and other ecological systems that support life.
Plants absorb water from the soil, which then evaporates from their shoots and leaves; this process is known as transpiration.If placed in a dry environment, a typical mesophytic plant would evaporate water faster than the rate of water uptake from the soil, leading to wilting and even death.
Dryland farming caused a large dust storm in parts of Eastern Washington on October 4, 2009. Courtesy: NASA/GSFC, MODIS Rapid Response [1]. Dryland farming has evolved as a set of techniques and management practices to adapt to limited availability of water, as in the Western US and other regions affected by climate change for crops such as tomato and maize.
Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no recent tree cover. [1] There are three types of afforestation: natural regeneration, agroforestry and tree plantations. [2] Afforestation has many benefits.
In suitable environments, such as the Daintree Rainforest in Queensland, or the mixed podocarp and broadleaf forest of Ulva Island, New Zealand, forest is the more-or-less stable climatic climax community at the end of a plant succession, where open areas such as grassland are colonised by taller plants, which in turn give way to trees that ...
These soils are most suitable for plantation crops. They are good for oil palm, tea, coffee and cashew cultivation. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ( ICRISAT ) has employed this system to rehabilitate degraded laterite soils in Niger and increase smallholder farmers' incomes. [ 18 ]
Map of the United States showing what percentage of the soil in a given area is classified as an Ultisol-type soil. The great majority of the land area classified in the highest category (75%-or-greater Ultisol) lies in the South and overlays with the Piedmont Plateau, which runs as a diagonal line through the South from southeast (in Alabama) to northwest (up into parts of Maryland).