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The critical engine of a multi-engine fixed-wing aircraft is the engine that, in the event of failure, would most adversely affect the performance or handling abilities of an aircraft. On propeller aircraft, there is a difference in the remaining yawing moments after failure of the left or the right (outboard) engine when all propellers rotate ...
Engine balance refers to how the inertial forces produced by moving parts in an internal combustion engine or steam engine are neutralised with counterweights and balance shafts, to prevent unpleasant and potentially damaging vibration. The strongest inertial forces occur at crankshaft speed (first-order forces) and balance is mandatory, while ...
[13]: 16 The bank angle also influences the minimum control speed. A small bank angle away from the inoperative engine is required for smallest possible sideslip and therefore lower V MCA. Finally, if the P-factor of the working engine increases, then its yawing moment increases, and the aircraft's V MCA increases as a result. [13]: 15
P-Factor therefore determines which engine is critical engine. [6] For most aircraft (which have clockwise rotating propellers), the left engine is the critical engine. For aircraft with counter-rotating propellers (i.e. not rotating in the same direction) the P-factor moments are equal and both engines are considered equally critical. Fig. 1.
As the angle of attack increases further, the upper surface flow becomes more fully separated and the lift coefficient reduces further. [7] Above this critical angle of attack, the aircraft is said to be in a stall. A fixed-wing aircraft by definition is stalled at or above the critical angle of attack rather than at or below a particular airspeed.
A more serious situation can exist if a multi-engine aircraft loses power to one of its engines, in particular the one which is positioned on the side that enhances the P-factor. This power plant is called the critical engine and its loss will require more control compensation by the pilot. Geometric pitch is the distance an element of an ...
Multiply weights by arms for all mass to calculate moments. Add all moments together. Add all weights together. Divide total moment by total weight to give overall arm. The arm that results from this calculation must be within the center of gravity limits dictated by the aircraft manufacturer.
Blade pitch control is a feature of nearly all large modern horizontal-axis wind turbines.It is used to adjust the rotation speed and the generated power. While operating, a wind turbine's control system adjusts the blade pitch to keep the rotor speed within operating limits as the wind speed changes.