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Ozone remains depleted in the midlatitudes of both hemispheres. The global-average total column ozone amount for the period 1997-2001 was approximately 3% below the pre-1980 average values. Models capture the observed long-term ozone changes in northern and southern midlatitudes.
Following the ozone depletion in 1997 and 2011, a 90% drop in ozone was measured by weather balloons over the Arctic in March 2020, as they normally recorded 3.5 parts per million of ozone, compared to only around 0.3 parts per million lastly, due to the coldest temperatures ever recorded since 1979, and a strong polar vortex which allowed ...
The ozone depletion potential (ODP) of a chemical compound is the relative amount of degradation to the ozone layer it can cause, with trichlorofluoromethane (R-11 or CFC-11) being fixed at an ODP of 1.0. Chlorodifluoromethane (R-22), for example, has an ODP of 0.05. CFC 11, or R-11 has the maximum potential amongst chlorocarbons because of the ...
MARPOL Annex VI amendments according with MEPC 176(58) came into force 1 July 2010. [17] Amended Regulations 12 concerns control and record keeping of Ozone Depleting Substances. [18] Amended Regulation 14 [19] concerns mandatory fuel oil change over procedures for vessels entering or leaving SECA areas and FO sulphur limits.
VSLS are ozone-depleting halogen-containing substances found in the stratosphere. These substances have very short lifetimes, typically less than 6 months. [1] Approximately 90% of VSLS are produced by natural processes and their rate of production is increasing. “They are bromine compounds produced by seaweed and the ocean's phytoplankton”.
Chlorine monoxide is a chemical radical with the chemical formula ClO •. It plays an important role in the process of ozone depletion. In the stratosphere, chlorine atoms react with ozone molecules to form chlorine monoxide and oxygen. Cl • + O 3 → ClO • + O 2. This reaction causes the depletion of the ozone layer. [1]
A depletion force is an effective attractive force that arises between large ... The table below lists common flocculants along with their chemical formulas, ...
This cooling, in turn, is expected to produce a relative increase in ozone (O 3) depletion in the polar area and in the frequency of ozone holes. [44] Conversely, ozone depletion represents a radiative forcing of the climate system [45] of about −0.15 ± 0.10 watts per square metre (W/m 2). [36]