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In the early Islamic period, Iraq was a key center of the Abbasid Caliphate, with the city of Baghdad serving as its capital from the 8th to the 13th century. Sunni Arabs played a significant role in the administration (including the ruling Abbasid dynasty) and cultural life of the caliphate, and many important figures of Islamic scholarship and literature emerged from Iraq during this time ...
The data on the religious affiliation of Iraq's population are uncertain. 95–99% of the population are Muslims. [15] [16] The CIA World Factbook reported a 2015 estimate according to which 36–39% were Sunni Muslims and 61-64% Shia Muslims. [15] According to a 2011 survey by Pew Research, 51% of the Muslims identified as Shia and 42% as ...
According to a 2011 survey by Pew Research, 51% of the Muslims identify as Shia and 42% as Sunni. [6] Iraq is home to many religious sites important for both Shia and Sunni. Baghdad was a hub of Islamic learning and scholarship for centuries and served as the capital of the Abassids. The city of Karbala has substantial prominence in Shia Islam ...
This began the 1981–1982 Iran Massacres, where the Islamic Republic targeted its opposition. [23] [24] [25] The PMOI later declared war against the Islamic Republic and its government. [26] Many moderate Iranian Shias also opposed the Islamic Republic, including Mir Hossein Mousavi, Mehdi Karroubi, and Hussein-Ali Montazeri. [27] [28] [29]
Thousands of Sunni fighters crossed from Syria into Iraq after the 2003 U.S. invasion and fueled years of sectarian killing before returning in 2013 as Islamic State to conquer a third of the country.
An older 2011 Pew Research Center estimated that 51% of Muslims in Iraq see themselves as Shia, 42% as Sunni, while 5% as "just a Muslim". [197] Iraq is also home to two of the holiest places among the Shi'as – Najaf and Karbala. [198] Shia Muslims are mostly concentrated in southern Iraq and in parts of north region and Baghdad.
Flag of the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq Approximate map of the Kurdish-populated region of Iraq. The vast majority of Iraqi Kurds are Sunni Muslims, with Shia and Christian minorities. Under the Kingdom of Iraq, Kurdish leader Mustafa Barzani led a rebellion against the central government in Baghdad in 1945.
In 2003 the Shia Muslims population was estimated to make up around 55% of Iraq's population. [68] The data on the religious affiliation of Iraq's population are uncertain. 95–99% of the population are Muslims. [69] [70] The CIA World Factbook reports a 2015 estimate according to which 29–34% are Sunni Muslims and 61–64% Shia Muslims. [69]